Kamar gidan shahararren gidansa , abincin yau da kullum na Netherlands shi ne haɓaka na 'yan asalin nahiyar da na kasashen waje, wasu daga cikin' yan kwanan nan game da bambancin al'ummomin da sauransu suka dawo da karni.
Ƙananan Ruwa
An sani kadan game da mazaunan Kiristoci na farko na Kiristoci, amma tasirin su a kan abinci na Dutch za su iya jurewa har yau a matsayin irin abinci mai dadi irin na duivekater ; Gurasar abinci da kukis kamar krakelingen ; da kuma al'adun Easter Easter , kayan ado da bikin, wanda asalinsa zai iya komawa ga hadayun hadayu da alamu na addinai na dā.
Rashin tasirin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na Romawa sun ji dadi bayan mutuwar Roman Empire: dandano na kayan dadi da kuma kayan dadi da ke cikin kayan abinci na Roman ta hanyar amfani da kayan yaji irin su barkono fata da fari, ganye da gishiri na gishiri ko garum (kama da Vietnamese nuoc mam ).
Harkokin kasuwanci na farko a kayan kayan yaji na Asia ya wadatar da fadin Holland. An kawo kayayyaki ta ƙasar ta Asiya zuwa gabar tekun tsibirin Rumunan inda daga bisani jiragen ruwan Venetian suka kai Italiya. Daga nan an sayar da shi zuwa arewacin kogi da kuma hanyoyi na ƙasa, kuma an musayar a kasuwar Faransa don kayayyakin Arewacin Turai, irin su zane da kuma katako.
Da kayan yaji da aka sayarwa sun hada da wadanda aka sani da kuma jin dadin su a zamanin da, irin su barkono, ginger, cardamom da saffron, da kuma wasu 'yan kasuwa, irin su kirfa, nutmeg, mace, cloves da galangal. Wadannan sababbin kayan kayan yaji sun zama masu kyan gani a kotu da kuma mayafi, watakila saboda farashin su, wanda ya kara da matsayi da daraja.
Haka kuma ana iya cewa wani samfurin ne daga Gabas wanda ya sami hanyar zuwa Turai ta Yamma ta hanyar Crusades: sugar cane. Sugar ya fi tsada fiye da zuma (to, mai dadiyar duniya) kuma, kamar kayan kayan yaji, kawai samuwa ga masarautar.
Bincike da kayan girke-girke na zamani, ya bayyana a fili cewa wasu naman alade da sinadaran da muke so a yanzu suna magana a matsayin Ruman ko Asiya sun riga sun san ta hanyar dafa masu aiki a cikin gidan katolika a cikin karni 15th da 16th, tun da daɗewa da yawa da aka yi jita-jita da sinadaran yanzu "yawanci Yaren mutanen Dutch." An rubuta wasu rubuce-rubucen dabarun farko na kayan lambu na kayan lambu da ke aiki a cikin ɗakunan gidan sarauta na Turai a cikin karni na 14 da 15, don haka girkewar Italiyanci da Faransanci sun shiga gidan Dutch a farkon lokaci.
Jaridar farko da aka buga a Holland ta wallafa Thomas van der Noot a Brussels ƙarƙashin taken Een notabel boecxken van cokeryen ("littafin sananne") a cikin kimanin 1514. Wadannan girke-girke sun nuna cewa Faransanci harshen Holland ne ya rinjaye shi sosai, Turanci da Jamusanci dafa abinci, wanda ya hada juna da juna.
Kasuwancin Kasuwanci
Yawancin jinsin da muke son a yau ne kawai aka karu a karni na 16. Tun kafin haka, an sani kawai albarkatu, kaza da kuma wake mai kyau a Turai. Dankali, wanda yanzu ana ganin shi wani ɓangare ne na kayan abinci na Dutch, an gabatar da ita ne bayan binciken Amurka, kuma ba ta zama abincin ga jama'a ba kafin karni na 18. A karni na 17, Gidajen Holland da gidajen gine-ginen sun kasance sananne ne ga gidajensu, inda albarkatun albarkatun bitamin-C, irin su lemons da alamu, da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye masu girma sun girma. Wadannan abubuwan da ake kira "almubazzaranci" sune maƙerin yau da kullum na greenhouses.
Duk da yake giya ne abincin mutum na kowa, ruwan inabi kuma abin sha ne mai ƙauna a karni na 16. An fito da yawa daga Faransa da Jamus, amma akwai magoya bayan gida a Netherlands a wannan lokaci. Rhine da Mosel giya sun kasance masu ban sha'awa tare da manya, da kuma ruwan inabi mai dadi, wanda ake kira Bastart (irin su ruwan Marsala).
Kamfanin Dutch East India Company ( Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie ko VOC a Yaren mutanen Holland), an kafa shi ne a 1602 kuma ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar mulkin mallaka na ƙasashen Gabas ta Indiya a karni na 17. Tare da babban birninsa a garin Batavia (yanzu Jakarta, Indonesia) da kuma kasuwancin kasuwanci a Indiya, Sumatra, Borneo da Java, ana kiran VOC ne a farkon duniya kuma shine kamfani na farko da ya ba da kayayyaki. Babban haɗin gwargwadon kamfanonin sayar da kayayyaki sun hada da yawancin kayan lambu na yau da kullum na Holland, kamar barkono, kirfa, cloves, shayi, shinkafa, kofi , nutmeg da mace. Duk da yake da yawa daga cikin kayan yaji sun kasance da ƙaunatacciyar Holland, sun kasance tsada sosai kuma sun kasance har sai kamfanin Indiya na Gabas ta Indiya ya fara dawo da kayan kwalliya na wadannan kayan kwalliya, da sanya su cikin kusantar da al'ummar Holland.
Ƙungiyoyin Kofi na farko sun bude a 1663 a Hague da Amsterdam. A shekara ta 1696, farashi mai yawa na kofi ya sa VOC yayi girma a cikin Java. A cikin karni na 18, shayi, kofi da kuma cakulan cakulan sune abincin shaye-shaye na rana, sunadaba ga abin da ake kira "kayan magani." Abin sani kawai ɗayan za su iya samun su, duk da haka. Ya ɗauki wani lokaci kafin wadannan kayayyaki masu kyan gani sun kasance masu isa ga kowa.
An rushe VOC a shekara ta 1799, amma ya bar abin da ya dace a cikin gidan abincin Dutch. Yawancin kayan abinci na musamman na kasar Netherlands sune kayan yaji na VOC: sausages na gargajiyar gargajiyar kamar kayan aiki, da ƙwayoyi da aka yi da cloves da cumin da kuma kullun da aka fi so a kasar, ciki har da tsararraki, kruidnoten , pepernoten , jan hagel , stroopwafels da taai-taai .
Colonial Cooking
Tare da yankuna da ƙauyuka a Afirka, Asiya, Arewacin Amirka da Caribbean, Netherlands sun kasance wani iko mai mulkin mallaka. An yi la'akari da tsibirin Spice a matsayin ma'auni a daular mulkin mallaka kuma Yaren mutanen Holland sun rungumi abinci na Indonesiya ba kawai a cikin yankuna ba, amma sun dawo gida. Rijsttafel na Indonesiya (a zahiri, "tebur shinkafa") wani abu ne na Dutch, wanda ya haɗu da al'adun wuraren da ake amfani da shi a yankunan da ake amfani da shi a cikin wani abincin da ake ciki, watau "kayan cin abinci" da kananan shinkafa, tare da shinkafa da samfurori . Yanzu, Yaren mutanen Holland sun lura da abincin Indonesiya kamar kusan 'yan asali ne kuma suna iya kai baƙi zuwa wani gidan cin abinci Indonesian lokacin da suka yi nishaɗi. Abincin kamar bami goreng, babi ketjap da satay sune mafi yawa a gidajen zamani na Holland, yayin da bamischijf (wani abincin gurasa marar yisti a cikin gurasar gurasar burodi) da kuma patat sate (Yaren mutanen Holland da ke da naman alade) sun zama misalai na Indo-Dutch hadawa abinci.
Wata kila abin mamaki shine, tsoffin yankuna na ƙasar Suriname da na Antilles na Netherlands ba su da tasiri sosai a kan abincin da Holland ke ci ba tukuna, duk da irin ƙwaƙwalwar da suke nunawa a wurare masu zafi. Wasu sun yi jayayya cewa 'yan gudun hijirar Surinamese da Antillean sunyi amfani da su dafa abinci, tare da sakamakon cewa ba ta zama kamar yadda ake ci gaba da cin abinci kamar Indonesian, Turkiyya ko Moroccan ba.
A yau, za ku iya samun kantin sayar da sandwiniyar Surinamese da kuma '' m '' '' ' magaji ' '' sayar da sayar da 'ya'yan Surinamese da na Antillean da kuma abincin kaya, yayin da gyada da giya suka fara farawa zuwa hanyoyin kankara.
Flavors na Turkiyya da Morocco
Ma'aikata daga Turkiyya da Maroko sun zo Netherlands a cikin rabin rabin karni na baya. Yayinda suka kafa gida mai zaman kansa a Netherlands, mutane da yawa sun buɗe kantin sayar da kaya da gidajen cin abinci. A gaskiya ma, yawancin gidajen Turkiyya da na Moroccan a cikin Netherlands sun taimaka sosai wajen fahimtar masu Holland da abinci na Turkiya da na Moroccan. Kuma saboda yana da sauƙi saya dukan sinadaran a cikin kantin sayar da baƙi a kusa da kusurwar, Hollanders sun fara ƙoƙarin kokarin su a wasu ƙoshin Turkiyya da Moroccan a gida. Ra'ayoyin da ake yi kamar yarinya, hummus da tajines sun fita daga kasancewa na yau da kullum ga al'amuran yau da kullum. Pizzas na Turkiyya, kofte, kebabs da pita suna shahararren abincin tituna da masu amfani da Yankin Dutch masu amfani da sausages na Moroccan, dates, harissa paste , Turkiyya da alkama , da rumman da burodi a cikin sababbin hanyoyi.
Yawan Yankin Lardin
Netherlands kuma sun bar alamar su a tsoffin yankuna da yankuna. Sabo , wanda aka dauka zuwa Sabon Duniya ta hanyar fararen mutanen Holland na farko, mai yiwuwa ya samo asali a cikin jingina. A Afirka ta Kudu, oliebol shine ainihin mawallafi da masu sauraro . Sabanin maganar, " Kamar yadda Amirka ta zama tsalle-tsalle," Ma'aikatan Holland sun yi musu burodi tun kafin Amurka ta wanzu, kuma mai yiwuwa ya dauki kayan gargajiya na gargajiya na Holland da su zuwa New World. Ma'aikata na Holland sun yi amfani da pancake a Amurka da Afirka ta Kudu, kuma sun ba da madara da madara da ke da shi (irin su cookies). Yaren mutanen Holland kuma sun gabatar da kuki ga Arewacin Amirka, har ma da kalmar kuki yana da ilimin bincikensa ga kalmar Dutch kalmarkakje .
Sources: Kayan daji da Kayan Gida: Litattafan Tattara Kan Abincin Abincin da Johanna Maria van Winter ( Prospect Books, 2007); Brood-en gebakvormen en hunne beteekenis in de folklore ( " Gurasa- da kuma fasin siffofi da ma'anar su a cikin labarin ") da JH Nannings (Interbook International, 1974); Kastelenkookboek ("Cookbook Castle") da Robbie dell 'Aira (Uitgeverij Kunstmag, 2011); Koks & Keukenmeiden ("Cooks da Kitchen Maids") by J. Van Dam da J. Witteveen (Nijgh & Van Ditmar, 1996); Die Geskiedenis van Boerekos ("History of Boer Kitchen") na HW Claassens (Protea Boekhuis, 2006).