Jagorar Farawa ga Wurin Wuta

Baya ga zama ruwan inabi mai sanannen sanannen duniya, Port ya ba da kyauta mai ban mamaki da tarihi da darasi mai zurfi, duk a cikin gilashin guda ɗaya. Don fahimtar Port, yana da matukar muhimmanci don sanin wani abu game da tarihin tursasawa, tare da abin da yake da kuma yadda yake da karfi.

Gudanar da wani ilmi na musamman na nau'o'in Port (watau Ruby, Vintage, LBV) da kuma mafi kyau garesu don bautawa da hada shi tare da abincin kawai ƙarawa zuwa wani tasiri na Port.

Ƙara a cikin 'yan ƙwararrun masu sa ido na Filato zuwa cibiyar ilimi kuma kuna da makamai da shirye su magance kwalba na shahararrun shahararren giya , duniya mai ban sha'awa a lokaci ɗaya.

Tarihin Port

An yi shi tsawon ƙarni a cikin wani yanki na arewa maso gabashin Tekun Douro na Portugal, Port yana da giya mai ƙarfi wanda ke da ƙarfin gaske a kan tsinkaye mai sauƙi kuma ya zo cikin hanyoyi daban-daban daga Ruby yaro har zuwa shekarun Tawnies, da kuma Late-Bledled Vintage Ports. bambanta hali ( da farashin ) na Vintage Port.

Wurin tashar jiragen ruwa, ko da yake yawanci yana hade da Portugal, yana da mahimmanci a cikin ɓangaren ƙirar Ingila a matsayin Ingila ta hanyar kai tsaye ( kuma mai dadi ) na Brits da ke yaƙi da Faransa a cikin karni na 17 da 18. Bisa ga mahimmanci, ɗayan Ingila ya kauracewa ruwan inabi na Faransa a ƙarshen karni na 17 saboda sakamakon ci gaba da rikici ya fara farawa da jan giya daga Portugal, kawai a kan bend daga Bordeaux (mai girma na farko na Ingila, Claret).

Sai suka fara ƙara daɗaɗɗen sauti ga ruwan inabi har yanzu don taimakawa wajen kare shi a lokacin tafiya zuwa Ingila. Wannan bugu da aka yi amfani da shi ya ba da damar ba da dadi a kan ruwan inabi ba tare da lalata ba, amma kuma ya sha ruwan inabi sosai idan an ƙara shi da wuri don dakatar da ƙwarƙwarawa kuma ya bar matakan sukari a matsayi mafi girma .

A sakamakon haka, Ports suna da suna don kasancewa mafi girma a cikin barasa, sananne sosai, tare da karin jiki da kuma fadada fiye da wasu sauran giya. Fans na kyawawan cakuda da kayan abinci masu ladabi suna godiya ga tashoshin jiragen ruwa tare da yin amfani da kayan aiki da mawuyacin damar yin aiki kamar kayan zaki kanta.

Menene Port

Dutsen Douro na Portugal, wanda yake a cikin arewa maso yammacin kasar, shine mahimmin yanki na musamman don bunkasa fiye da nau'o'in jan jan fari da fari don amfani da Port. Mafi yawancin gonar gida da suke shiga cikin kwalabe na Port shine Touriga Nacional (tsarin daidaitaccen tsari), Touriga Franca (yana kara da launi mai kyau da tannins), da kuma Touriga Roriz (irin 'ya'yan inabin kamar Tempranillo na Spain). Duk da yake yawancin Port an yi ne daga 'ya'yan inabi mai inganci, akwai ƙananan sananne da ake kira "White Port," kamar yadda sunan yana nuna, an yi shi daga farin inabi. Sunan "Port" yana fitowa daga garin Port Porto, babban birni mafi girma a Portugal, wanda ke da mahimmanci a bakin kogin Douro, inda dubban jiragen ruwa masu kaya da ke cikin filin jiragen ruwa na Port suka fara tafiya zuwa ga Ingila.

Ta yaya ake yin Port Made?

Port yana farawa kamar sauran sauran giya har zuwa lokacin aikin samarwa.

Ana girbi inabi a cikin fall bayan wani lokaci na gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki, yanayin schist mai bushe a cikin lambun gonar inabi na Douro Valley.

Na gaba, ana guga man inabi don cire ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma fara da ƙurewa. Yawancin masu samar da tashar jiragen ruwa har yanzu suna rungumi ƙafafunsu na gargajiya, "Ina son salon Lucy" a cikin sararin sama Lagares (babban dutse ko ciminti) don danna 'ya'yan itace, ko da yake' yan shekarun nan sun ga zuwan magungunan injiniyoyi, wanda aka tsara bayan ƙafafun mutum, samun babbar ƙasa. Bayan yin tafiya, innabi dole ne, wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan ruwan 'ya'yan inabin ruwan' ya'yan itace wanda har yanzu yana da tsaba, mai tushe, da kuma ɓauren gilashin furen na tsawon kwanaki har sai matakan barasa ya kai kusan 7%.

A wannan lokaci, ruwan inabi yana da gagarumar karfi don kawo cikas a cikin gine-gine, yayin da yake daukar nauyin 'ya'yan itace na sabon ruwan inabi, da kuma hana gurasar inabin su ci gaba da canza fasalin su zuwa barasa.

Wannan makarkashiyar zai bar matakan sukari masu yawa fiye da yawancin giya, yawanci a cikin 100 g / L.

A ƙarshe, ana jefa baton jaririn Port a cikin manyan bishiyoyi da yawa na tsawon watanni 18 ko kuma saboda tsufa. A cikin shekara da rabin abincin, waɗannan 'yan giya na Port sun haɗa su tare da sauran kuri'a na Port na ruwan inabi don neman karin kayan da zasu kawo kyakkyawar ruwan inabi tare da' ya'yan itace mai kyau, ƙarancin daɗaɗɗa, da daidaituwa. A wannan batu, ana iya canza matasan Port a kwalabe don kara tsufa ko ci gaba da lokaci a cikin wani kwaskwarima dangane da style da kuma kewayon samar da Port a cikin tsari.

Irin Port

A cikin cikakkun bayanai, Port za a iya raba cikin sassa daban-daban guda biyu: Wood Aged or Bottle Aged. Wajen bishiyoyin bishiyoyi suna da shirye-shirye don jin dadi, an tsara su don cinyewa yayin da suke da matukar ƙuruci. Kwanan da ake yi wa tsofaffin bugunan, kamar Vintage Port, an gina su don nisa, sau da yawa suna bukatar wasu shekaru goma ko biyu su isa cikakkiyar balaga.

Ruby Port

Ruby Ports, don haka suna da launi daban-daban masu launin ruby, sune samari, ruwan inabi masu gogagge tare da sabo, da 'ya'yan itace da aka cika da kuma cikakkun nau'ikan gine-gine. Wadannan 'ya'yan giya ne masu launi, wuraren shiga, da aka yi daga haɗuwa da' ya'yan inabi da kuma kayan cin abinci, shekaru masu yawa na tsawon shekaru 3 kuma suna da karfin gaske a kasuwanni na Amurka. Rubutun Ruby suna nufin su cinye matasa kuma suna jin dadin ingantaccen abinci.

Abincin da za a yi tare da Porty Ruby: Cakulan cakula, madarar cakulan, da kuma kayan abinci na Berry.

Rubutun Gidan Ruby: Cockburn, Croft, Grauss's Six Grapes, Nieport, Taylor Fladgate, Warre's

Tawny Port

Tudun Tawny yana haɗuwa da giya na tsohuwar giya, yana nuna launi mai amber mai arziki. Tawnies yawanci karya a kan dan kadan danna gefen bakan. Kamar yadda tashar tawning ta fi yawan lokaci a itacen itacen oak, launi yana farawa daga ruby ​​ja zuwa karin ruby-orange ko "brick mai dashi," yawancin lokaci sukan kai launi mai zurfi ko mahogany ta lokacin da ya tsufa. Kamar yadda ci gaba tsufa ke ci gaba, dandano Tawny zai zama mai daɗi kuma abubuwan dandano zasu bunkasa dadin dandano na ɓauren ɓaure, kwanakin da rassan idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan 'ya'yan itace da ke cikin Ruby Port.

A kan lakabin, shekarun an fi yawanci a matsayin 10, 20, ko 30 shekaru. Wadannan sanannun shekarun nan sune tarihin da ake amfani da su a cikin tazarar Tawny Port, ba daidai lokacin da ruwan inabi ya tsufa ba. Tawny Ports ta zo cikin hanyoyi daban-daban: Colheita, Crusted ko Indicated Age. A Port Colheita an dauke shi da Tawny Port da aka yi daga inabar da duk suke raba wannan shekarar. Yayin da Gidan Dama yana da kayan da ba'a daɗaɗa wanda yana tasowa mai laushi, "ɓawon burodi," kuma yana buƙatar decanting kafin bauta. Tawny Ports da aka yi daga ingancen innabi wadanda suka tsufa a matsakaicin shekaru suna kiransa Age Tawny Port.

Abincin da za a yi tare da tashar Tawny: Cizon cheddar, cakulan apples or apple pie, dried 'ya'yan itace, madara ko duhu cakulan, cheesecake, tiramisu, kabewa ko pecan kek.

Ma'aikatan Tawny Port: shekaru 20 na Cockburn, shekaru 10 na Dow, shekaru 20 na Graham, shekaru 10 na Taylor Fladgate, shekaru 10 na Otima na Warre

Gidan Wuta

Wurin Wuta Mai Ruwa shi ne Port da aka yi daga inabi mai maɗaukaka, yawanci daga gonakin inabi daban-daban, waɗanda duka sun kasance daga wannan shekarar. A tarihin, Ana ba da izini ne kawai a cikin shekaru goma daga cikin shekaru goma. Mafi kyau inabi, daga mafi kyau vineyards a cikin mafi kyau shekaru, zo tare don ƙirƙirar quality Vintage Port. Wadannan Ports suna ciyar da kusan watanni 6 a itacen oak kuma sai su tafi baza a cikin kwalban don kara tsufa ba. Wannan karin tsufa yana da mahimmanci ga sauraron wani shekaru 20 ko fiye! A matsayin sakamakon kai tsaye na tsofaffi na tsufa, wani kyakkyawan nauyi na siffofin sutura wanda ya buƙaci decanting da mai kyau bit na aeration ya faru kafin amfani. Idan Ruby Ports su ne tashar shigarwa, to, Vintage Ports suna wakiltar babba na biyu a cikin salon da kudin. Wani jinsin da ya saba da kuskuren da ake kira "Vintage Port" shine "Late Bottled Vintage" Port (LBV) . An yi wannan salon na Port ne tare da inabõbi daga guda ɗaya, amma yana da shekaru 4 zuwa 6 kawai a itacen oak kafin a ba shi kwalba kuma a sake shi. Late Bottled Vintage Port yana da mashahuri a Birtaniya a yau.

Abincin da za a yi tare da Cikin Gida: Blue da Stilton cuku, almonds da walnuts, cakulan da cakulan na tushen desserts da kumfa-pastries.

Ma'aikata na Gidan Gida: Cockburn, Churchill, Dow, Fonseca, Graham, Sandeman, Taylor Fladgate, Warres

White Port

Kamar yadda sunan yana nuna, White Port yana samuwa ne daga nau'in innabi na farin inganci kuma ana iya yin su a cikin bushe-bushe har zuwa ɗakuna masu dadi. White Port ne yawanci fruitier a kan palate da kuma bit fuller-jiki fiye da sauran kayan farin giya mai ƙarfi. Sau da yawa an yi amfani da shi a matsayin abin sha, wannan Port na musamman ya sami tagomashi a matsayin maye gurbin "gin" lokacin da yake aiki a matsayin "Port da Tonic" akan kankara.

Ajiyewa da kuma hidima a Port

Wajibi ne a ajiye su a gefensu, a cikin duhu, mai kyau yanayi kamar su har yanzu takwarorin ruwan inabi. Ruby da Tawny Ports suna shirye su sha da zarar an saki su kuma za'a iya adana su a tsaye ko a gefensu. Da zarar An buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa na iya wucewa daga rana (Wurin Alkawari) zuwa makonni da yawa na Ruby Ports da kuma wasu watanni don Tawny Port . Lokacin bauta wa Port, gwada ƙoƙarin kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a daidai 60-65 digiri. Yin hidima da giya na Port tare da ƙananan haushi zai dauke da kayan ƙwarewa da kuma mayar da hankali ga ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace da dandano.

A yau, ana amfani da sabbin wurare na Port a waje da Portugal a kasashe masu yawan ruwan inabi. Duk da haka, waɗannan shafuka suna yawanci ne daga 'ya'yan inabi da aka girka sannan kuma basu da mahimmanci da ƙarancin acidity wanda ya zo da asali. An sanya Port Port ta atomatik a matsayin "Porto" akan lakabin kwalban.