White Burgundy, Red Burgundy da Cremant - Yana da Game da Wuri
Burgundy giya an gina shi a kan 'ya'yan inabi guda biyu, Chardonnay da Pinot Noir, tare da gonar inabinsa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nauyin halayen ruwan inabi. Yankin ruwan inabi mai suna Burgundy ("Bourgogne" a cikin Faransanci da kuma alamomin kwalba, " Bor-gun-yuh ") sun yi maraba da duniyar doki har tsawon ƙarni. Ya kasance tare da kogin Saone a yankin gabas ta tsakiya na ƙasar Faransa, Burgundy ya kai kimanin mil 100 daga saman (kusa da Dijon) zuwa kasa (kawai a arewacin Lyon), yana samar da kwalabe na 193 miliyan kowace shekara daga 68,000 acres a karkashin itacen inabi a cikin yankin shahararrun shahararrun, ƙasa mai ma'adinai.
Duk da yawan yanayin da ba a iya gani ba, ƙananan ƙididdigar yawan ƙididdigar yawan kayan aiki da kuma ɗan gajeren iyaka a dukan duniya, Burgundy ya nuna wani abu mai ban mamaki.
Birnin Burgundy yana kusa da wurin. Kamar yawancin giya na ruwan inabi na Faransa , sunan wuri yana nuna fifiko akan sunayen innabi. Sunayen sunayen, gundumomi da yankuna (ruwan inabi) sun mamaye alamar giya na Bourgogne , ba tare da wani lakabi na 'ya'yan inabi na ciki ba. Duk da yake masu sassauki, masu zaman kansu, da yanki na yanki a kan harsunan kwalban na iya zama masu rikicewa ga waɗanda basu magana da Faransanci, ka tuna cewa Burgundy an gina shi a kan 'ya'yan inabi biyu: Chardonnay da Pinot Noir .
Burgundy Wine Ta Lissafi:
Burgundy ta shayar da ruwan inabi ya kai kashi 61% na farin giya, 30% na jan, da kuma 8% Cremant de Burgogne (ruwan inabi mai ban sha'awa da aka yi a cikin hanyar Champagne ). Dokar AOC ta fadi cewa duk Burgundy mai tsarki (aka "Bourgogne Blanc") dole ne a yi shi daga itacen inabi na Chardonnay kuma kamar yadda Burgundy Burgundy (aka "Bourgogne Rouge") an yi su ne daga Pinot Noir inabi.
Ƙananan nau'in innabi suna kara dan ƙanshi ga teku na Chardonnay (suna da 46% na vines na Burgundy) da kuma Pinot Noir (suna da kashi 36 cikin 100 na gonar inabinsa). Wadanda ke taimakon inabi sun hada da Aligote (na biyu da aka dasa mafi inabar inabi a Burgundy a kashi 6%), Gamay (wani innaccen innabi mai lamba 11% na vines) da Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc da kuma Pinot Beurot na kasa da kashi 1%.
Burgundy's Wine Regions:
Duk da yake Burgundy na iya karami sosai, musamman ma idan aka kwatanta da maƙwabcinta na musamman, Bordeaux, tasiri na yankin, tasiri, da kuma muhimmancin muhimmancin aikin ruwan inabi na duniya yana da muhimmanci. Za a iya kwashe Burgundy zuwa sassa biyar masu girma ko gundumomi don sanin: Chablis, Cote Chalonnaise, Mâconnais, Cote de Nuits da Cote de Beaune. Wadannan yankuna biyu na karshe, Cote de Nuits da Cote de Beaune, ana kiran su a matsayin Cote d'Or, shahararrun ma'anar "gangaren zinari" don faduwar yankin, kuma ya wakilci yankunan gundumar Ginsen Burgundy. Burgundy na ruwan inabi suna da mahimmanci suna don ba da babbar murya ga farfadowa na yankin. Mai kyau, da dabara, hadaddun, kullun ƙasa, da cike da finesse, abubuwan shan giya na Burgundy sun ci gaba da kula da abin da ke da kyau kuma ya kasance mai daraja ga Chardonnay na musamman da kuma Pinot Noir a duniya.
Chablis : Mafi yawan shahararren Chardonnay mai raguwa, mai ma'adinai, ƙashin ƙasƙanci, Burgundy mafi yawan arewacin Chablis shine babban ruwan inabi, yana dasa itatuwan Chardonnay a kan shimfidar ƙasa mai arziki. Ana amfani da ruwan inabi ne kawai a matsayin "Chablis" a duniya ko a gida kamar yadda "Beaunois" yake a Burgundian lokacin Chardonnay.
Chablis 'Grand Cru gonakin inabi sun tara a kan gangaren koguna na Kogin Serein, yayin da gonakin inabi na Farko sun fara tattarawa a kan kudancin gefen kudu kuma sun samo asali ne a cikin sanannen farin, mai laushi, ƙurar ƙasa ta Kimmeridge. Ya kamata a lura cewa ginsin giya na Chablis ya zub da sauran Burgundy a game da lakabin Grand Cru, Premier Cru, da Village (Chablis) tare da Petit Chablis ya kara haɓaka da lakabi a matsayin darajar mai kyau, ruwan inabi mai shiga.
Cote Chalonnaise : An san dutsen Pinot Noir mai karfi, mai karfi, duk da haka Burgundy da gine-ginen yanki na yankin, Cremant de Bourgogne, Cote Chalonnaise yana tafiya a tsakiyar Burgundy a gefen kogin Saone. Bincika sunayen 'yan kauyen Mercurey da Givry a kan lakabi da masu samar da su kamar su Domaine Jabot, Louis Latour, da Fasaha.
Mâconnais : An yi la'akari da bayar da wasu yankuna mafi kyawun yankin Chardonnay, Mâconnais yana zaune a kudancin Burgundy. Pouilly-Fuissé shine sanannun sanannun sananne a cikin Mânesnais, yana ba da giya mai kyau tare da yawan apple da peach, wasu nuances na wurare masu zafi da kuma citrus tare da sabo mai mahimmanci.
Cote de Nuits : A gefen kudu maso gabashin Dijon kuma an ambaci garin Nuits-Saint-Georges, Cote de Nuits na samar da duniya, gungun Pinot Noir tare da gonakin inabi 20 na Grand Cru. Babban lambun gonar inabi na Romanati-Conti, Chambertin, da Musigny, kawai don samun haske a kan wasu, ana samun su a Cote de Nuits. A saman Burgundian Pinot Noir line aka samo a nan, tare da giya da ya cancanta na tsufa shekaru da farashin dauke da hudu da biyar digiri ga crème de la crème.
Cote de Beaune : Kudancin Cote de Nuits da kuma rabin rabin Cote d'Or, Cote de Beaune yana da raba kashi 70/30 na launin fata. Duk da haka, yawancin giya ne (daga Chardonnay inabi) wanda ke sanya alamar su tare da kayan da ke da kayan ƙanshi, da bishiyoyi masu launi na ƙasa wanda aka rufe su da cikakke nau'in pear da apple. Hanyoyin giya daga Cote de Beaune sun ba da muhimmanci mai kyau ba tare da tsoma baki ba. Ka kula da giya daga Chassagne-Montrachet, Meursault, Pommard, Volnay, da Puligny-Montrachet (duk kauyen).
Burgundy ta Wine Kunna:
Lokacin da ya zo ne tare da tsaka-tsaki tare da tsakiyar gari zuwa ga giya na Burgundian da ke kan iyaka, tsarin da ke tattare da tsari na yankin zai fara zama muhimmiyar rawa. Ainihin akwai samfurin gyare-gyare huɗu na ƙwarewa dangane da sunayen da ake amfani da su ga dukan AOC Burgundy giya: Guraben Yanki, Taron Ƙauyuka, Ra'ayoyin Firayim Minista da Grand Cru Appellations.
Yanayi, wuri, wuri - yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance inda burgundy giya ya fāɗi a kan ma'auni. Kalmar "Ruwa" (mai suna "Clee-ma") wani lokacin Burgundian ne wanda ke da'awar matsanancin tasirin da tarihin ke gudana a Burgundy.
Tsunin yanayi yana da kyakkyawan tsari na ƙasa tare da yanayin musamman, ƙasa, da yanayin yanayin yanayi. Hakan yana iya zama gonar inabin gona ko kuma sashi daya.
Kyauta mafi girma, gonakin inabi mai daraja ko Girman saman saman da aka tsara a Grand Cru da Premier Cru. 'Yan kyauyen kauyen suna dauke da sunayen ƙauyen (watau Beaune, Chablis, Corton, Gevrey-Chambertin) cewa gonakin inabi sun kewaye. Da kyau a kowace rana, shan ruwan inabi mai shiga da sunan yankin "Bourgogne" na iya fitowa daga gonar inabi a ko'ina cikin dukan yankin Burgundy. A taƙaice magana, mafi kyau gonar inabinsa, mafi kyau ruwan inabi kuma mafi girma da daraja daraja (da kuma farashin).
Wines na Yanki - Kamar sauti, jinsin ruwan inabi na yankin ya zama tushen ginshiƙan jinsin Burgundy, wakiltar kusan 50% na giya na yankuna. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wani wuri tsakanin giya da yankunan giya, akwai wani yanki na "kama-all" wanda ya fi kowa yanki fiye da yankin Burgundy, amma ba a samo shi daga ƙauye ɗaya ba. Ainihin, a yayin da wasu yankunan gundumomi suka fi girma tare saboda irin wannan nau'ikan da za a iya suna suna. Cote de Beaune-Villages wani misali ne na kowa, yana nuna cewa giya ne daga 'ya'yan inabi da ke fitowa daga ƙauyuka guda ko ƙauyuka a yankin Cote de Beaune.
Biranen kauyen - Duka kimanin kimanin kashi 38% na ruwan inabi na Burgundy, waɗannan giya suna dauke da ƙauyuka ko sunayen gari a kan takardu (watau Pommard, Meursault, Mercury, Pouilly-Fuisse), yana nuna cewa an shuka inabi a wata gonar inabin gona wuri kuma ba a samo daga Burgundy ba. Pommard shine sunan kauye wanda za ku iya gani akan lakabin kwalban, yana bayyana cewa dukkan 'ya'yan inabin sun fito daga kauyen Pommard a yankin Burgundian na Cote de Beaune.
Gidan Premier - Hawan tsinkayen jinsin zuwa mafi girma na giya mafi kyau na Burgundy tare da kashi 10 cikin dari na samarwa ita ce sunan Farko na Premier. Ma'anar "Farko na Farko," Farko na Farko yana nufin shan giya wanda aka girma a ƙananan, AOC ya bayyana da gonakin inabi da aka ambata a fili don ya nuna mummunar ta'addanci (wanda ake kira "Climat" a Burgundy). Labels sau da yawa suna dauke da gajeren lokaci da ake kira "1st Cru" wani rabuwa ga Premier Cru. Wadannan giya sune cikakke lokacin da ya yi amfani da su, suna farawa a kan iyakar $ 60 a kan ƙananan ƙarshen kuma suna aiki sosai a cikin farashin $ 100 + daidai da sauri.
Grand Cru - wakiltar kashi 1% na kyaun ruwan inabin Burgundy mafi kyau, tare da fiye da fiye da gonaki 30 da ake kira Grand Cru a cikin Cote d'Or, da manyan gine-gine na Wuta sun umarci kulawar duniya. Mafi mashahuri mai girma Grand Cru daga Birnin Burgundy shine babu shakka Domaine de la Romanée-Conti wanda zai iya tambayar $ 5,000- $ 12,000 kowace kwalban a kan shafukan gizon.
Tarihin Wine na Burgundy:
Tare da shaidar shayar da aka dasa ta Celts kafin 200 BC da sojojin Romawa suna inabin inabi da suka koma karni na farko, an gane Burgundy a matsayin wuri na farko na dukiyar gonar inabi. Duk da haka, kamar sauran wuraren shan giya na Turai, wa] annan wuraren sunadaran da suka cancanci basirar da ake amfani da ita don horar da gonakin ingancin yankin. Gwaji tare da inabin inabi da ƙasa, kuma da sauri gane burinsu na Burgundy, tare da karfi mai karfi na ta'addanci na yanki, Benedictine da 'yan majalisun Cistercian sun yi amfani da su don gane da kuma bayyana mafi yawan gonakin inabin da ke cikin yankin. Wadannan gonakin inabi masu daraja sun kasance sun zama 'ya'yan gonakin inabi mafi girma a duniya. Yayinda yake yin amfani da fasaha da al'adu masu mahimmanci, haɗin gwiwar Benedictine da Cistercian masanan sunyi yawa daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su a gidan giya na Burgundy.
Ba sai juyin juya hali na Faransa ba cewa an mallake gonakin inabi na Burgundy daga cocin kuma daɗaɗɗun daji ga mutane a cikin sassan ƙasa. Ƙananan gonakin gonakin sun kasance sun rabu da su yayin da Napolean ta siffata su kuma sun dasa gonakin inabi ta wurin kafa duk ƙasar da aka gada dole ne a rarrabe a tsakanin magada. Har wa yau ba sabon abu ba ne don samun gonar inabin gona na 120 da 80+ growers, tare da ƙananan layuka na vines a ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar wani ƙaya. Wannan tsarin da aka raba shi ya sa mukamin mai sayarwa (gidan gida wanda ya saya giya na yanki da ke cikin ganga don haɗuwa tare da sauran giya daga wannan yankin ko sunan).
Buying Burgundy ta Bargain Wine
Ka tuna cewa ba za ka sami "Chardonnay" a kan lakabin gilashin giya na Burgundy ba, saboda haka kana neman takamaiman yankunan Chardonnay, ƙauyen, ko dukiya (sunayen "yankuna") a kan kwalban. Chablis, Pouilly-Fuisse, Montrachet, Macon-Villages, da kuma Meursault sune mafi kyaun gine-ginen giya a cikin Burgundy. Hakazalika an yi amfani da sunayen 'yan kauyen Aloxe-Corton, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Pommard, Vougeot, Mercury, Vosne-Romananee, a kan takarda kwalban su nuna maka a hanyar da ta dace a hannun Pinot Noir. Winsin yankuna tare da "Bourgogne" da aka sanya a kan lakabin zai zama mafi sauki a kan walat, na gaba su ne ƙananan giya wadanda ke da ƙaruwa da halayen kawai don samun karin kuɗi. Gidajen Filayen Farko da Grand Cru daga wasu yankunan inabin da aka sani da inganci (da kuma ƙayyadadden kayan aiki) sun tambayi mafi yawan masu amfani game da tsabar kudi amma alkawalin su sadar da farin ciki na kwalaye.
Mafi kyawun Burgundy Masu Gudanar da Gwaninta : Gwanin 'yan mata da yara, Domaine Christian Moreau Pere & Fils, Domaine Faiveley, JJ Vincent, Joseph Drouhin, Louis Jadot, Louis Latour, Olivier Leflaive